An Analysis On Upper Echelon Theory Essay

The Upper Echelon Theory think the attributes of household performance and top perplexity team up members. Furthermore, this possible action argues that the attributes of a veritable person affect the attitudes and preferences of top members and the team dynamics. The theory suggests that the arrangingal outcomes argon the head of the strategic choices that the managers make.The idea that the coiffure, goals, and aspirations of top anxiety influenced organizations culture and systems keep be proven by many corporations from different industries that have gained reputation and believability in the marketplace for providing excellent products and prime(a) services (Coyle-Shapiro, 2005). Those companies have reliable diachronic backgrounds and currently possess great missions and visions for their organizations.The goals and value of a legitimate organization determine the competitive strategy of the firm as suggested by the theory. Apparently, the prominent organizatio ns that have been include on the lists of profitable companies portray excellency in terms of employee line-ups and performance. The people who are highly skilled and possess toughened determination are usually raise working in these corporations.In some other words, the people on the top anxiety could predict the success and future emplacement of the company based on the values and goals that the company would alike(p) to achieve in every project. On the contrary to the theory of Hambrick and Mason, Laske and Maynes suggest that people have already their firm beliefs regarding certain issues prior to their affair to an organization. Naturally, people act, talk, and behave according to the constructed naturalism that the society had provided for them (Laske and Maynes, 2002).In this aspect, Laske and Maynes argue that the organization may or may not fail regardless of the values cause by the organization because of the diverse personalities to a lower place that firm. The person who works for a certain organization may do his or her job merely because of the benefits like earnings and promotion that the company can render and not because of what the goals that the top management would like to achieve for the company as a whole.Generally, upper echelon theory proposes a good view in the organizational outcomes however, it shows conflicts on the values that the company sets and the employees in that firm possess.ReferencesCoyle-Shapiro, J. (2005). The Employment Relationship. USA Oxford University Press Laske, O. and Maynes, B. (2002). maturement the Top care Team reinforcement Mental Growth as a Vehicle for Promoring Organizational Learning. The Journal of Management Development. Bradford MCB Ltd. Vol. 21

'How an economy works ? Essay\r'

'I wasn’t entirely surprised by the condition considering that, in truth, when we open ourselves up to the ten thousand of thing that the course teaches, all of these provoke be learned. Only our interests make us choose what we learn more, what we retain and what we penury to forget. Stating that more people learn the â€Å" economic way of cerebration” I flavor that I read to agree with the 75. 5% of people who learned â€Å"how an frugality works.\r\n” The hindrance of economics is, indeed at a high level considering that in that location is a drill on models and computations. This focus reveals that the uninflected aspect of economics that we are applying is ground on current existing models that we have to work around with. However, it is not conglomerate as to integrate the intricacies of its liberal roots. Although in that location are touches of it, it isn’t drilled in too deep.\r\nThe role of critical reckoning is highly important a nd for economics to ponder more on models and computations to analyze the economy is a little detrimental on the part of course itself. This is because many of like a shot’s economic problems are not entirely reliant on sure circumstances that models and computations simplify the world to be. It is accordingly more instructional and beneficial for students to nominate a little more violence on the liberal arts side, forcing students to calculate out of the box.\r\nMany of the critical thinking skills that economics has given me largely relies on the fact that every issue slightly our current economic state makes me think about what economic models to use. However, as an supreme thinker, I also believe in that location is more that policymakers and today’s economists cigarette give rather than recycling onetime(a) methods and using old analyses. As an economics major, I feel that the class has taught me that there are a myriad of solutions hold to be explo red and there is certainly no hard and fast rule to observe up with a solution.\r\n'

'Business Past Paper Essay\r'

'E of the fol down(p)ing ideas and write it in the space provided.\r\n(i) ‘The changing role of women in the family’\r\n(ii) ‘The involvement of young people in organized sports’ Topic:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _\r\n1. (a) State dickens reasons wherefore a investigateer would query the affair which you have give tongue to above. (2 tag) (b) elicit one and only(a) objective on which a investigator may focus in doing a study on the topic you chose. (2 tag) (c) Based on the objective you suggested in 1 (b), write virtuoso look question. (2 marks) (d) State 1 appropriate rule that may be functiond to earn entropy on the topic you chose. (1 mark) (e) outline why a researcher should use the method you stated in 1 (d) above. (2 marks) match 9 marks\r\n2. (a) For the topic you have chosen, suggest 2 variables which a researcher may investigate. (2 marks) (b) Identify ii gro ups from which a researcher may get hold of a sample to get info on the topic you chose. (2 marks) (c) State ONE method of choosing a sample from ONE of the groups you identified in 2 (b) above. (1 mark) (d) in short describe the method you suggested in 2 (c). (2 marks) Total 7 marks\r\n3. (a) put forward TWO shipway to display the selective information that may be suck uped on the topic you choose. (2 marks) (b) Explain briefly why the data should be displayed in the ways you suggested in 3 (a). (2 marks) (c) fig TWO statistical measures that a researcher may use to determine how numerical data, such(prenominal) as scores obtained in a study, are related. (2 marks)\r\nTotal 6 marks\r\nUse the information in the departure below to answer questions 4 and 5.\r\n inebriant AND FAMILY LIFE\r\nIn a youthful study done on the personal effects of alcohol on family life, the heads of fifty (50) low income households responded. The following information was obtained and analyzed. 30% of the respondents stated that alcohol consumption deprives some families from pleasing their basic needs, 60% indicated that it is a instance for domestic violence in the root while 10% claimed that it prevented family members from enjoying planned unoccupied activities. These call upings have caused concern for many partnership groups.\r\nLeaders of these groups have indicated their desire to find some solutions to these concerns from the local authorities in their communities. 4. (a) (i) Display the findings obtained in this survey in a pie-graph in the space provided below. (4 marks) (ii) spare ONE statement about the data you displayed in the pie-graph. (2 marks) (b) State ONE character of the sample used in this survey. (1 mark) (c) Name ONE research method that the researcher may have used to collect information. (1 mark) (d) Write ONE question that may be included in the research method you named in 4 (c). (1 mark) Total 9 marks\r\n5. (a) Based on the data provided in the survey, write ONE research question. (2 marks) (b) Based on the findings you displayed in 4 (a) (i), suggest ONE testimonial that may be helpful to the union leaders. (1 mark) (c) State ONE change you would conduct if you were asked to conduct the study. (1 mark) Total 4 marks\r\n'

'The Four Essential Elements of Teams\r'

'In this age of rapidly ever-changing technology, market-driven termination making, customer sophistication, and employee restlessness, draws and managers argon faced with new challenges. Organizations must(prenominal) bod new structures and master new skills in society to compete and survive.\r\nAs bunk settings break more than complex and incriminate change magnitude numbers of interpersonal interactions, case-by-case effort has less impact. In order to increase efficiency and military posture, a rooting effort is required. The creation of squads has become a key strategy in umpteen organizations. police squad expression is an essential element in supporting and improving the topiciveness of small meetings and chore forces and must be a key realm of a total program of organizational change.\r\nHellriegel, Slocum, & adenylic acid; Woodman (1986) state that squad structure is utilise to improve the effectiveness of transaction groups by focusing on all(p renominal) of the following quaternary purposes: setting goals and priorities, decision making on means an methods, examining the bearing in which the group moves, and exploring the fiber of working(a) descents. A cycle then develops; it begins with the aw beness or perception of a problem and is followed consecutive by data collection, data sacramental manduction diagnosis, action planning, action implementation, and behavioral evaluation. This mien is repeated as new problems ar identified.\r\nNot all work groups ar groups. Reilly and Jones (1974) list four essential elements of police squads: goals, inter guessence, commitment, and account skill. The parts must have mutual goals or a reason to work together; in that respect must be an interdependent working relationship; case-by-cases must be move to the group effort; and the group must be accountable to a high level in spite of appearance the organization. A advantageously example is an athletic aggroup, w hose members sh atomic number 18 goals and an boilers suit purpose. Individual players have specific assignments they be responsible for, but separately depends on the other(a) squad members to complete their assignments. deprivation of commitment to the team effort reduces boilers suit effectiveness. Finally, the team usually operates within the fashion model of a higher organization such(prenominal) a league.\r\nThe overall objective of a work team is to exercise witness over organizational change (functionally, this involves increased decision-making and problem-solving efforts), although a side effect whitethorn be to increase the productivity of individual members. A primary objective of team building is to increase aw beness of group routine. In essence, the group members leave alone get a line how to control change externally by experimenting internally. The team-building effort leave concentrate on barriers to effective functioning and the selection of strategie s to exceed these barriers.\r\nOrganizational blows often be non a result of poor leading but of poor followership. Few dressing programs teach how to be an effective member of a democratic group. A team member is one of a group of mutual followers. Observation of individuals functioning within teams leads to the following list of characteristics of an effect team member. Such a person:\r\nUnderstands and is connected to group goals;\r\nIs friendly, concerned, and interested in others;\r\nAcknowledges and confronts departure openly;\r\nListens to others with understanding;\r\nIncludes others in the decision-making process;\r\nRecognizes and respects individual differences;\r\nContributes ideas and solutions;\r\nValues the ideas and contributions of others;\r\nRecognizes and rewards team efforts; and\r\nEncourages and appreciates comments about team performance.\r\nThese characteristics are in sequential pattern, alternating task and relationship behaviors. This pattern of be haviors is the starting point for the maturation of effective team building.\r\nTeam mental synthesis is a planned change discussion that focuses on the dynamics of a team”s functioning. The purpose of team building is to improve the team”s ability to adapt, allow members to function at their near productive resourceful levels, and to achieve the teams goals. In developing teams there are four different stages that must be to the full accomplished in order to go along its mission through achieving higher quality in the workplace. These stages in sequence are: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing. The first three stages of team training must be completed in order to achieve stage four. In each stage there are distinct behaviors, feelings and questions which team members can experience.\r\nIn stage one, Forming, personal relations are peculiar by strength. Team members depend on considerate and imitated behavior and disembodied spirit to the team leader for standpoint and guidance. The joint or mutual feelings that are used in forming are:\r\nExcitement, betancy, and uniformed optimism.\r\n golden to be selected as beingness part of the team.\r\nShowing conditional attachment to the team.\r\nHaving doubts, concerns and hesitancy about the job or the task ahead.\r\nThe team members also have questions and remarks that they expect to be make outed by team developers, they are:\r\nâ€Å"Who are all these people?”\r\nâ€Å"Everyone is being so polite.”\r\nâ€Å"This might be resistant of exciting.”\r\nAn effective and efficient behavior is evaluate from the team leader. A leader should answer all the questions the team members have. A leader should also guide them through each step and verify the expected pick up of each member. A team will be formed efficiently. All of the teams ideas and goals will have a positive effect in the organization.\r\nThe second stage, Norming, is characterized by tackiness within the team. Team members recognize each other”s positions and benefits and are uncoerced to change their preconceived ideas to achieve plebeian consent. The common feelings that are used in Norming are:\r\nTeam members have the ability to communicate without being afraid of retaliation.\r\nTeam members accept their membership to the team.\r\nFeeling simpleness that certain things will go the way they were planned.\r\nTeam members are friendlier and they share more revealing feelings with each other.\r\nThe questions and comments that are express in Norming are:\r\nâ€Å"How are we tone ending to get along with each other?”\r\nâ€Å"What are the rules of membership?”\r\nâ€Å"Seems like we are all on the same atomic number 82 finally.”\r\nâ€Å"We seem to be operating more unified, and we try to avoid conflict, when possible.”\r\nIn Norming, the team members finally put the fear of failure behind them. They are willing to work out any conflict th at whitethorn occur. Positive and negative feedback becomes more judge within the team. As feedback increase, members have a better understanding of where they stand and become more involved in decision making.\r\n'

'Male and Segmentation Base Essay\r'

'Introduction: In this assignment I am going to describe the client indite for from each one of the five home run groups for w argon/ proceeds and explain how and why these groups are targeted. 1. ware: IPhone 5\r\n sectionalization root: Demographic, Psychographic/ Age, Social class, locate marketplaceplace place:\r\nTeenagers and Adults\r\n guest write: Aged generally amid 18+, aimed at twain male and pistillate, medium/ high class\r\nHow/ wherefore targeted\r\n* Product: IPhone 5, chiefly utilize for trade/texting or communicating with others, also used for pictures, music and downloading apps. * bulge forbidden: T-Mobile, Carphone warehouse, Phones4u, Tesco\r\n* publi urban center: This harvest-feast prat be promoted with TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this crossroad, more tidy sum bum then(prenominal) find out well-nigh it and it leave get more usual which means that more people allow for be demoralize is. * cos t: The charge of IPhone 5 is from £499 †£529\r\n2.Product: Colgate Toothpaste smiles\r\nSegmentation base: derive segmentation / needs, safety, esteem Target market:\r\nChildren\r\nCustomer profile: Aged chiefly mingled with 2-6 years old, aimed at both male and female, How/ why targeted\r\n* Product: Colgate Toothpaste smiles is exactly used by baby birdren antiquated 4 to 6 as it is not a beefed-up as adult’s toothpaste and it has a mild flavour.\r\n* Place: Boots, Superdrug’s, Tesco\r\n* advancement: This harvest-time can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, Adults/ mothers might cope in dealing it if they pull in little children.\r\n* Price: The impairment of Colgate Toothpaste smiles is £1.32\r\n3.Product: Gucci by flora heart and soul\r\nSegmentation base: Demographical, mental/ age group, gender, enjoys shopping Target market: Females\r\nCustomer profile: Aged mainly be tween 16+, aimed at females. How/ why targeted\r\n* Product: Flora by Gucci perfume is but used by females as the smell is not as strong as males perfumes.\r\n* Place: Superdrug’s, Boots, Pharmacies.\r\n* Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, Females will be implicated in debaseing the perfume as the brand is very popular.\r\n* Price: The price of the perfume can be between £40 to £72\r\n4 .Product: hybridisation\r\nSegmentation base: Psychological, Demographical / lifestyle, enjoys shopping, age group, family size, Target market: teenaged adults/ adults\r\nCustomer profile: Aged aimed at 16 and over, aimed at both males and females.\r\nHow/ Why targeted\r\n* Product: carrefour cars are used by young adults and adults 16+ as it is illegal for anyone jr. that this to be driving a car. * Place: The cars can be bought from their website, Auto dealer * Promotion: This product can b e promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, people that are elicit in buying a new car, can then go and visit one of their stores and buy a car. * Price: There are different prices for every car it can start from £8,000 †£20,000 and over.\r\n5.Product: Disney Princess puzzles\r\nSegmentation base: Demographic, mental / activities, interest, hobbies, age group, gender.\r\nTarget market: female children\r\nCustomer profile: Aged mainly between 4 †5 years old, aimed at females.\r\nHow/ Why targeted\r\n* Product: Disney Princess puzzles is only used by female children aged 4 to 5.\r\n* Place: Argos and WHSmith\r\n* Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, parents and guardians might be interested in buying something for entertainment for their child or for a present. * Price: The price of the puzzles can be different depending on th e size, but it will be near £5 to £10.\r\nBusiness-to-business market\r\nCostco to Corner shops\r\n6.Product: coca Cola\r\nSegmentation base: geographic; region, area of the country, city\r\nTarget market: males and females\r\nCustomer profile: Aged mainly between 10+, aimed at males and females.\r\nHow/ Why targeted\r\n* Product: Coca-Cola\r\n* Place: Corner shops could buy stacks of Coca-Cola from Costco as it is cheaper to buy it from there. * Promotion: This product can be promoted through TV advertisement, posters, internet, and leaflets. By promoting this product, people are more likely to go to Costco and buy it from there as it will be more cost efficient. * Price: 1 bottle of Coca Cola is £1.99 at Corner shops, whereas if they go to Costco they will authorise less as there will be 8 bottles of 1/2 litre for only £6.25\r\nWilkinsfoods to Tesco\r\n7.Product: Eggs\r\nSegmentation base: Geographical; region, area of the country, city\r\nTarget market: males and f emales\r\nCustomer profile: any ages, aimed at males and females.\r\nHow/ Why targeted\r\n* Product: Eggs\r\n* Place: Tesco\r\n* Promotion: This product can be promoted through their website, leaflets and radio. By promoting this product, people will find out about this farm, and Tesco might consider in buying their eggs as they cheap. * Price: It depends on how many eggs the arrangement wants; Small, medium, large and very large and nurture intercourse as standard packed into keyes trays (15 twelve outers or 30 dozen outers).\r\n coda: In this assignment I have described the customer profile for each of the five target groups for product/service of Tesco’s and Car manufacturer and have explained how and why these groups are targeted.\r\n'

'Development of Evolution Concept\r'

'It is a matter of position that history of maturation is very long and contradictive. The speculation of ontogeny has existed even since ancient times and is universe developing nowadays. Modern surmisal of evolutionary design was established in 18th-19th centuries. Many outstanding and far-famed scientists contributed the evolutionary thought and interpreted it in their consume way. As it was mentioned above, the thought of evolution appe atomic number 18d and was strongly back up in ancient time by Anaximander, Democritus, Epicurus and Empedocles.Those classic philosophers made the setoff attempt to explain the concept of evolution suggesting that humanss, sun, earth life and civilization emerged from â€Å"aeons without perceive intervention”. (Bowler 2003, 23) The Roman philosopher Lucretius described life training in stages starting from atoms collisions and ending with succession of animals and less(prenominal) brutish humans. Nevertheless, evolutionary thoughts died in Europe new-fangledr the Roman Empire had fallen; however, the ideas were developed in Islamic countries.It is cognise that Al-Jahiz claimed that environment usurped the animals’ survivals and it had to affect humans as well. Ibn al-Haitham argued even about the explicitly for evolutionism. (Bowler 2003) Matthew Hale in 1677 used the term â€Å"evolution” t attack the atomism of Epicurus and Democritus. He argued that their atomist surmisal and suggested that collisions and vibrations of atoms had organise not humans and animals, but semina that were â€Å"immediate, primitive, generative principles of men, animals, birds and fishes”. (Riddle 1954, 89) Hale called that instrument absurdity.The concept of evolution was contributed also by German scientists including Schelling and Hegel. According to them evolution appears to be a fundamentally spiritual process involving twain inbred and reverent interventions. They argued that evolutio n was â€Å"a self- disclosing revealing of the absolute”. (Riddle 1954, 89) In the early 18th degree Celsius German scientist Leibniz suggested that the objects are caused by internal forces. He supported the idea of that evolution involved divine principles. He mentioned that universe couldn’t be formed without God’s works. (Riddle 1954)In 1745 Pierre Maupertius suggested alternatively elicit concept considering that all the modern species are the smallest separate produced by the blind destiny. According to him â€Å"chance” has produced eternal individuals; however only few individuals are equal to(p) to satisfy their needs, whereas others perish. Therefore he presented the idea of inborn selection further contributed by Charles Darwin. One more scientist Buffon suggested the mutability of species and underlined that organisms are influenced strongly by vivid processes.In 1755 Kant, German philosopher and scientist predicted the hypothesi s that unformed matter develops into the highest emblems of plants and animals. Kant believed that modifications and variations were the response to â€Å"mechanical laws of the organisms themselves rather than to the influence of their surroundings”. (Bowler 2003, 120) Herder, for example, concord with the concept of inherent selection stating that struggle opponent survival and existence played the major post in organic world, although the theme remained undeveloped and rather vague.In the early 19th century Wells imitation that evolution of humans is the principle of natural selection. It is known that Darwin was unaware of Wells’ suggestions and later he admit that Wells was the first to promote the idea of natural selection in the evolutionary thought. In 1833 Charles Lyell exclamatory the gradual variation of evolution, where each specie had â€Å" totality of creation and was diagnosed for home ground, but would go extinct when the habitat changed†. (Bowler 2003, 126) The concept was supported by Herschel outlined that natural laws played the most important role in species forming.Nevertheless, the most important contribution into development of evolutionary though was actually made by Charles Darwin. Darwin criticized the earlier ideas about natural selection assuming they failed to propone the dogged philosophy and to suggest the proper mechanism of species variations. Darwin, in his turn, stated that species had arisen from the â€Å"selective actions of external conditions upon the variations from their specific type which individuals present and which is called spontaneous”. (West 1938, 147) The Darwin’s theory turn out to be successful providing the useful statistical models of evolution.In the late 19th century evolutionary though was intimately contributed by the works of Gregor Mendel. He carried out serial publication of experiments and in result provided models for inheritance based on the unit of gene. However, Mendel’s works remained unappreciated for some(prenominal) years and even ignored by biologists. Mendel’s works were â€Å"discovered” in 1990 and caused a bout between Mendelians. (Riddle 1954) In 1970s the neutral theory of molecular evolution was presented by famous scientist Motoo Kimura who the first to establish the genetic drift and considered it a mechanism of evolution.One more interesting idea was generated by Lynn Margilus. He presented the theory of symboigenesis arguing that genetic drift and mutations are not enough to explain the concepts of evolution. In the theory Margulis stated that species emerged through the process of symbiosis. (Riddle 1954) In 1972 Stephen Gould suggested the theory of punctuated equilibrium. All the theories were followed by renewal of structuaralist themes in evolutionary ideology. For example, Brian Goodwin incorporated in his researches the ideas of systems theory along with cybernetics and and so emphasized the important role of natural selection.In 1995 Daniel Dennett argued that Darwin’s natural selection is â€Å"algorithmic process relevant to many circumstances besides biological evolution”. (Bowler 2003, 225) Such concept of evolution was called â€Å"universal Darwinism”. It is requirement to outline that the development of evolutionary thought was vivid, though contradictive. Lots of theories and concepts were developed to explain the evolution of human beings, but scientists failed to find the only satisfactory explanation. present some theories are disapproved, others are improved and followed. (Henderson 2000)\r\n'

'God and The Common Good Approach : Allowing Evil to Demonstrate Empathy\r'

'When one looks at the atrocities in the military personnel today and the example used by Johnson of the fair infant burned in a building, a plebeian reaction is empathy and sympathy. If Johnson insists on viewing deity as a mortal and asserting that a human being would non allow much(prenominal) atrocity, so it is useful to look at bettermentes taken by ethical, moral actors in the ground today. feel at the Common- technical approach, we may assert that in pitch for us to have qualities, such as empathy, compassion, and other(a) redeemable traits, we must have situations in our lives that perk up these qualities.Without pain and suffering, in that respect is no need for these autocratic traits, therefore, the argument that deity is not amend does not apply. His position is to ensure that men can vex close of their have excuse go forth. Johnson would argue this approach equates to allowing men to become sliminess on their own spare will, as well. But, this is the essence of free will and of the Common- soundly approach, we must be able to see both peachy and diabolic to decide how to best attain a society that can combat this inevitability of free will.Therefore, graven image can be looked at as human, then human approaches to ethics and the common good must be utilized, so on a lower floor the Common Good approach, idol is good. The Common Good approach essentially deals with an idea that individual good is equated and ensured with public good and that individual, honorable traits should be bundled out as a community in a healthy fashion. In this way, goodness, is not good if it is not sh ared.To apply this to counteract Johnson’s argument, it can be said, then, that in hallow to separate good to share it, we must also be able to recognize bad or â€Å"evil”, in order to know how to counter it in a world of free will. â€Å"Appeals to the common good urge us to view ourselves as members of the kindred community , reflecting on patient of questions concerning the kind of society we want to become and how we are to achieve that society” (Velasquez, et al, 1996, 2).Johnson’s argument to this would be that just as there is an imagined god that promotes good in the actions of man in reference to free will, there could easily be an evil God that does the opposite. â€Å"For example, we could say that God is evil and that he allows free will so that we can freely do evil things, which would make us more rightfully evil than we would be if forced to perform evil acts” (Johnson, 1983, 88). This argument against free will does not preen Johnson’s insistence that we look at God as a human being.Just as societies and groups reach out to make communities better, there are groups, who conspire to do evil deeds and go against the common good. If God is only when human, then God can only hope that others will chose not to do evil with their free will. In conclusion, Johnson is flawed in smell at God as if God is human, then attaching inhuman traits or superhuman traits to action or inaction. If God is made of human qualities, then there will be flaws in even God’s own self and design.But, with the insistence of Johnson to shout God as human, then we can hardly look at ethical human approached to good and evil. We can be hopeful that with the Common Good approach that moral actors will do what is right with the idea that God would act in this same manner. References Johnson, B. C. â€Å"The Problem of God and Evil” in The unbelieving Debater’s Handbook. (1983). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. 99-108. reprint. Velasquez, M. , Andre, C. , Shanks, T, Meyer, S. J. & Meyer M. â€Å"Thinking ethically: A Framework for Moral Decision reservation” in Issues in Ethics (Winter, 1996). 2-5.\r\n'

'Disruption of High School Education by Arrest and Court Involvement\r'

'Gary Sweeten utilized the internal Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to research an understudied gene of lofty school drop out rates, utilise the factors of brutal involvement, specifically first-time arrests and involvement in the apostrophize system. He then examined the outcome of their completion of senior high school school after these events. In the article â€Å"Who impart graduate? Disruption of high school grooming by arrest and court involvement”, hypothetical approaches are tied into more statistical data to encompass a more comprehensive suasion of the issues surrounding juvenile arrests and court involvement on incoming school success.This drive is extremely useful, in that the populations studied were more vast, as studies before live with h 1d in on specific subsets of school populations. 8,984 youths were certified for this study and assessments were conducted in the selected group. Several follow-up study waves were then conducted after initial selection, the first existence obtaining background information, then over a power point of three years, self-reports by the cohorts and their court involvement was assessed followed by drop-out statistics on this group.4,432, who reported dropping out of high school were then analyzed. Theories that came into play to assist in the process of assembling data were labeling opening, determent hypothesis, and inclination theory. Propensity theory was dismissed in that it gauged no correlative and valid results. Labeling theory and deterrence theory pose results that range on the opposite ends of the spectrum with deterrence theory proposing success in stopping future criminal activity, but gives no regard to educational and vocational achievement in the long-run.Therefore, labeling theory emerged as the most crucial with the idea presented that students, who feel stigmatized, entrust struggle with that stigma and with interruptions of schooling due to the criminal process and leave face overwhelming odds to complete high school. Sampson and Laub’s life-course theory of accumulative disadvantage is also introduced, as is 39 former(a) references and 5 tables to show the extent of analysis and the represent effects in this article.Sampson and Laub’s theory furthers the labeling theory that is used throughout the paper and send words that labeling is especially pestilential to already disadvantaged youth. In other words, if one already carries a label of poor or any minority status, the label of â€Å"criminal” will accelerate negative internal attributions of self-worth. Sweeten uses some(prenominal) traditional labeling theory and Sampson and Laub’s assessments not altogether to compliment his findings in the paper, but to also suggest irregularities with particular points that do not correlate.This leads Sweeten to finish that with both the limited amount of studies already absolute on this particular subject without a broad base of research subjects, as he uses, and the overlook of consensus among different theorists, that more research need be done on this topic. He realizes that looking at mediating factors and certain types of intervention may lead to studies that withstand a conclusive and usable strategy in its findings that will ameliorate the issues that he concludes in this study.\r\n'

'Analysis of present environments Essay\r'

' new(prenominal) factors that may be included in the summary would be the presence of sepa identify alcoholic beverages in each commercialise that may affect the gross revenue of the achievable elaborateness. We train to take into account that mystify and wines do non comprise the whole commercialize for alcoholic beverages. If the consumer preference would be as volatilizable as it poses to be, then the other beverage topers may switch from their present beverage to another. The scary go away of the situation is, we could not see to it as of now, if the possible expansion would gain or spell accident for the community.\r\nanother(prenominal) factor to be considered is the indices in the mart. This indices atomic number 18 the indicators whether the earth would be able to squeeze the procure of a whisky in their budget. This simply draws kayoed the in demand products that would be dubbed â€Å"necessities” and the littleer indispensable products, known as the â€Å"luxuries. ” The move handst of the product from a luxury to a necessity spells success, equitable the other way around would be a shitty mark for the expansion. Couple this factor with the volatility and the ending would be a very risky grocery store with high gains and disaster on the other end.\r\nThe synopsis of the present environments is important for a trade dodging as this would help us down the stairsstand the environments under the influence of, and that influences the countries in question. However, the factor of bias takes in, which usually has to be negated. The negation process would take place by as the purpose breach of judging by criteria, comprising half of the decision and the other half, the internal decisions. First, in the beginning any outline would be made, certain criteria would use up to be in order for the comparisons.\r\nConsiderable weights should be given to the consumer expectations and preferences (30 points), labele d A. This would help us get back the choices of the consumers that we are trying to serve. This weighs heavily since the consumers are right away related to the sugar that the companionship would generate. Next in line would be the rate of acceptance of the foodstuff (30 points), labeled B. This is another heavy criterion since this would determine if the estate is rightfully suitable for the operations of the company in question.\r\nIf the results would be heavily low, then we privy conclude already that the company would not dilate in that peculiar(prenominal) ground. This greatly helps in the indispensable side of the apprehension. Another criterion to be judged is the tax revenue in their region (20 points), labeled C. Taxation may not weigh as much but it weighs significantly at 20 points out of the coke point total. This is because taxation affects the rate of the profit that a company generates. A higher taxation rate would then lower the witness that a comp any should invest in the specified country.\r\nAnd the last criteria to be considered would be the performance of the substitute (20 points), labeled D. These criterions would not wholly let us see the objective situation of the enigma by looking at the figures that the criteria would present. However, we do to bear in mind that the decision-making of this trade strategy would depend not only in its objective part, but should also be considering the subjective part of the problem. Some problems cannot be explained by figures and leaves this part to the analytical and subjective mind of the decision-maker.\r\nFurther statements from the analysis of the criteria would bear the interpretations of the slews. After which would be the ranking of the scores to determine which country scored the most points in achieving the object of successful expansion for the company at hand. However, the last decision would lie after the subjective part of the theory. Country A B C D TOTAL RANK Denmark 30 25 20 15 90 1 N. Ireland 30 20 20 10 80 3 Austria 25 25 20 15 85 2 Spain 25 25 10 15 75 4 Points to Ponder:?\r\nDenmark’s score was collect to the (1) levelheaded age distribution as the normal of the age of young-begetting(prenominal)s in the 15-64 bracket is just 38, stating a more diverse markets for the old and young drinkers. (Anonymous 2006f) (2) The market would suit the product just fine. In fact, the market in Denmark, in terms of the raw materials be to give a very positive sign for Denmark as this could lead to further expansions (Anonymous 2006f)(3) The taxation does not bother this country as shown in here. Denmark seems to be comfortable not to be accommodated by the apex 4 of the Union’s Top quartette of Taxes.\r\n(Anonymous 2002) (4) Substitutes seem to be performing well, but not enough as the growing demand for amaze whisky is trying to speed up the growth of the local supplier of the product. These ratings turn in put Denmark in the No. 1 placement. ? Northern Ireland bags the second spot easily for a variety of reasons: (1) the lowest average mark was achieved by this country; with just a median of 33 years old, it generally center most of the anthropoid population are down the stairs the 40 year old mark, a healthy sign for the company. The company generally caters more to the male crowd, and the flavors of the score whisky have a specific audience.\r\nMore drinkers are also available for judgment since the younger drinkers are the ones who prefer the other flavors, opposed the older crowd. An example of this would be, many young drinker’s can be the target for the call on of the Monreith Malt. Simultaneously, the market for The Torhousemuir Tawny, would also penetrate the older market, much(prenominal) of the 40 years and above since they still have a part of the market, although they may play the shaver role in the profit margins. (2) Generally, this is neither true(p) nor bad since the company can be seen as â€Å"one of the others” or â€Å"a new incubate”.\r\nEither way, the public would remain in the midpoint of things, making it hard for the determination of the acceptance of the public The product originated in the same country, Another strike off’s addition to the market may be viewed as a mediocre thing for the public. This spate would really try your brand, just make a good offer in the initial release, crystalise of a bargain. (3) Tax problems have never plagued the country after the tax involved issues of before where Kings and queen reign this land. Nowadays, it seemed like the people of Ireland have erudite their lessons from the past events.\r\n(4)Market substitutes are on the loose, since this is the origin of Scotch whisky. Generally, substitutes would be of great numbers, which definitely pose a bad sign since your product can be swallowed by the market. ? Austria’s rates were affected by (a) since the people o f Austria are known to be of good taste, then the consumer expectations would be high; knowing that The Olde Distillerie is from the country of United Kingdom, the country where the brewers of Scotland have originated (b) acceptance was attach as such since the country is sail to have taste in things that are not really rich in its flavor, but also in history.\r\n(c) Demography of the country shows a 40 year old median for the men in an evenly distributed country. This result shows an inclination in the stronger brew of the whisky since it says that the composition of men are said to have evenly distributed age, with older men winning the appointment of numbers. Other products would have problems in their sales since the market would only focus on the older men market, since the median age was 40. Added costs for extra marketing strategies would be needed to gain the necessary profits needed by the company for the other products.\r\n(Anonymous 2006j) (d) corking taxation brings t he country on the top four of the European Union (Anonymous 2002) This is a good sign for Austria as this is viewed as a country with less taxes, therefore, more profits. And this could also open doors to the export market, as this has been a very good opportunity for the company. ? The to the lowest degree attractive of the choices given, Spain does not provide any chance to defend itself due to the factors affecting its market.\r\nSome problems to the expansion there include: (1) The demographic distribution of the male population is not as diverse as that of Northern Ireland. (Anonymous 2006i) Although this may prove to be a positive sign, let us not obstruct the male’s sense of pride that they would not readily exchange the wine for a unlike drink, especially of a new brand in the market. (2) Market acceptance is not a problem as Spain is known to be one of the orb’s top consumers of alcohol. However, acceptance may just remain to be accepted and not commended. \r\n(Anonymous 2006k)(3) Another issue: tax. Spain has been known to be a country brutal on its taxes in order for them to gainsay the substitute market for their wine. As they increase the tax, they be to lower the market consumption of the substitutes for wine, like mess up whisky (4) Lastly, scotch whisky’s only substitute here would be that of the gin, tequila, and beer. Wines are the uncreated products, making it look like Scotch whisky is really a substitute for the main product, wine.\r\n'

'Corporate Culture at Apple\r'

'Corporate Culture at orchard apple tree apple has a actually secretive incorporated culture. Often employees get out choose not to babble out slightly apple until they ar no longer employed there. Apple goes to greater lengths than any other company in the valley to nurse its creative and intellectual environment. Apple’s protection policy extends to blogs, speaking engagements, and even what people utter about with spouses. Most employees get the policies and respect them as well.The New York times reported that the company’s veil of secrecy began to take shape nigh the release og the original Macintosh back in 1984. Employees working on secret projects at Apple have to pass through a labyrinth of security doors, swiping their badges again and again and finally come in a numeric code to reach their offices. at a time inside the top secret areas, employees are much monitored by surveillance cameras as they work. Those working on more sensitive projects are allegedly instructed to â€Å" subvention up devices with black cloaks when they are working on them. A former Apple marketing motorbus described the company’s â€Å"controlled leaks,” whick he verbalise the company sometimes relies upon to gauge public reaction, fudge competitors, or encourage partners. I also came crosswise an article where the former CEO of Apple’s big Israel acquisition Anobit shares his experiences of Apple culture. Ariel Maislos verbalize â€Å"They differentiate that Intel is full of paranoids, but at Apple, ‘they’ really are after you. ” He worked at Apple for about a year after Apple acquired Anobit in December 2011.Maislos left Apple for what was said to be personal reasons. Maislos was also very familiar with Intel’s culture as well. While Intel engineers are disposed(p) assignments and are rewarded for ingenuity and creativity, he said it’s a given at Apple that engineers will be at the to p of their game. He said â€Å"At Apple, you have to run ahead plainly to stay in place, and there are very high expectations of everyone. Apple expects everything to be amazing. ”\r\n'

'Milo\r'

'S. W. O. T Analysis for Milo We argon going to produce a wad digest to find out how effective Milo is operational and what internal factors may influence its success. A dress up analysis analyses the internal factors that may influence the success of a business. The initials SWOT stand for: S trengths W eaknesses O pportunities T hreats Here is a SWOT analysis on Milo: Strengths * Focusing altogether on coffee tree zip fastener drink. * Big gross revenue in other countries. * It is available in contrary sizes, shapes and type. * Value for money. Promotion/ advertise done in other countries. Weaknesses * Not enough diversity in flavours * Packaging (design of tin + labelling ) Opportunities * increase media available (mobiles/internet) * Increased fitness industry * Increase aw arness of health and fitness * Sponsorship (through sporting events) Threats * Competitors (hot coffee tree, capacity drinks) * Well know successful brands as competitors * Competitors could use ag gressive marketing tactics cut damages/increase promotion * Competitors supply out similar reapings Competitors grant diversity in packaging (bottles, pouches, cans, etc) Challenges Milo also has challenges in marketing the product to consumer. The challenges are in hot chocolate and expertness drink. The challenger in hot chocolate is Vico. Vico chocolate drink also is the popular filling among to client in Malaysia. Vico chocolate drink encounter more chocolate test than Milo and the price also cheaper than Milo. Vico is the substitution product for Milo. The energy drink, the challenges is coiffe from Horlick.Horlicks contain wide range of vitamins and minerals. This product gives energy to body to working or do something activities. ordinarily this drink will take in the breakfast. Horlicks are genuine in advertisement. For example, in Ramadhan , we need energy to fasting and they take this chance to promote their product that can gives energy to body in fasting. va lue To improve the market, I think Milo have to do something in their flavour and advertisement. For flavour, make a research more about consumer behaviour in Malaysia.Find a taste that customer really like. Do the experiment with 100 customers to find which flavour is good and what consumer wants in the market right now. Use fame can make good advertisement to fall by the wayside newborn product. The celebrity can attract customer to know about new product. Aggressive advertising in media can increase the market. Make new packaging that can attract customer to subvert and rite in the ingredient about vitamin and energy that can gives to customer when they drink it.\r\n'

'Commercial Law\r'

'ABDUL RASHID ABDUL MAJID v ISLAND GOLF PROPERTIES SDN BHD [1989] 3 MLJ 376 un publishze In this contingency, the issues is whether the plank was entitled to bill and cumulate fees known as development fees from members? PRINCIPLES The defendants owned, managed and operate a social golf club. Membership of the club is of the pursual types which are honorary membership, mean(a) membership, ordinary transferable membership, subscribing membership, institutional corporate membership, expatriate transferable membership, ordinary social membership, term membership and visiting membership.\r\n downstairs(a) the ascertain 3 of the club’s rules provided, disguise alia, that the club was a proprietary club, of which the defendants were the proprietors with a wit of directors responsible for the policies, anxiety and operation of the club. Rule 5 of the rules provided, inter alia, that all members shall non, by reason of his membership, be beneath either financial liabi lity remove for payment of his annual subscription and any otherwise sums collect under or levied under the rules and by laws to the defendants. The complainant is an ordinary transferable membership.\r\nThe plaintiff applied to pull in forth a member of the club by submitting the unavoidable cover form and duly executed a resolution contained in that locationin which states, inter alia, that he authorized and agreed that the board of the defendants had sole responsible for the policies, management and operation of the club with the indicant to increase grip fees and subscription and to levy and additional charges to meet expenditure and it excessively has the sole right to amend, vary, add to or develop such rules, equipment casualty and conditions of the club including the withdrawal or addition of benefits and privileges of members as if whitethorn in its supreme discretion deem necessary. 1| rogue The board sought to levy and collects the development fees pursu ant to its power under the rules. Rule 33 of the club’s rules provided, inter alia, that the board shall be the sole spot for the indication of the rules and by laws do there under and that the decision of the board shall be final and back on all members.\r\nThe principle that is under character 2 (a) of the agitates pretend 1950, a intention is do when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything with a view to obtaining the bow of that other to such act or abstinence. Moreover, the proposition is invitation to lot which an invitation to make entreat, negotiate or deal and has no legal consequence and cannot be pass judgment to bring a weightlift into existence. The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to whom it made which under Section 4(1) of the Contracts Act 1950. This means that an rear or proposal is effective once it is communicating to the offeree by the offer ee.\r\nBesides that, under Section 10 of the Contracts Act 1950 is already mention that all agreement are edit out if they are made by the free consent of occasionies competent to slue, for a lawful status and with a lawful object and are not hereby expressly declared to be void. The accompaniment is similar in the case of Bomanji Ardeshir Wadia & Ors v writing table of State AIR (1929) PC 34 wherein it the decision of the Privy Council was said nothing is better colonized than that when parties have entered into a formal centralise that contract mustiness be construed according to its own terms and be explained or interpreted by the root word communing which led up to it. Another related case is Baker v Jones & Ors (1954) 2 All ER Lynskey J said that the contract is contained in, or to be implied from the rules. The begs must consider such a contract as they would consider any other contract.\r\nAlthough parties to a contract may in general, make any contract the y like, there are certain limitations oblige by public indemnity and one of those limitations may be that parties cannot, by contract, oust the ordinary courts from jurisdiction. 2|Page JUDGEMENT The court held that declaring that the defendants’ board was not entitled to levy and collects the fees because the plaintiff’s application for membership was merely a preliminary step. The offer for membership came from the defendants after they had considered the plaintiff’s application. The contract amid the plaintiff accepted the offer by making the payment of the entrance fees and the first subscription. Therefore, the declaration in the application forms as not part of the contract. It is just an antecedent communication. The only contract between the plaintiff and the defendants was the rules of the club.\r\nThe authority to levy fees must understandably be given by the rules of the club and there was no such authority under the rules. Rule 33 clearly made the board the sole authority for the interpretation of the rules and as it purported to oust the court from their jurisdiction the rule was contrary to public policy and therefore void. 3|Page CONCLUSION The conclusion for this case is the board was not entitled to levy and collect fees known as development fees from members. For the interpretation of the rules, this is contrary to public policy and therefore void. Thus, a declaration of intention or an invitation to treat, so, all fees sedate as development fees are repaid to the plaintiff and cost to be paid by the defendants.\r\nOtherwise, the offer must be communicated to the offeree which under Section 9 of the Contract Act 1950 is the exercise of power by the offeree indicating his assent to the transaction in response to the offer. The communication of an offer or a proposal is deemed to have been made by any act or thoughtlessness of the party proposing by which he intends to communicate the proposal or which has the effect of communicating it. Therefore, the declaration in the application form was not part of the contract unless the plaintiff make pay sum of the fees which salad dressing the rules of the club. It is normal for parties in the course of preliminary talks to make statements to each other but not all statement can be interpreted as an offer that can be accepted to bring about a contract. 4|Page\r\n'

'Can literature “tell the truth” better than other Arts or Areas of Knowledge? Essay Essay\r'

'Even as children, volume atomic number 18 on a perpetual quest for â€Å"the justness.” Anyone who has witnessed a toddler incessantly affect his m diametric â€Å"Why?” tolerate attest to that. Writers, artists, and scientists either throw methods of finding â€Å" equity” and telling it to others. spell the standards for what truth can be vary mingled with Areas of friendship, no Area of fellowship is significantly more adapted-bodied of telling the â€Å"truth” than another. Since each lastledge base is strictly a tender-hearted enterprise, they all locution difficulties created by human nature, which names them all equally cap fitting (or incapable) of telling the truth.\r\nBefore the effectiveness of dissimilar Areas of Knowledge in conveying truth can be evaluated, how perpetually, it is necessary to define truth, or rather, to clarify its nature. Typically, passel rely on their senses, observations, and information taken f rom sources they study to be reputable to learn of the truth. History has sh throw repeatedly, though, that â€Å" harsh sense,” authority, and consensus gentium are not always the most authoritative methods of obtaining truth.\r\nFor instance, from the 2nd century until the l6th century, people believed in the Ptolemaic system with the Earth as the center of the cosmea and all of the planets and stars revolving approximately it. The idea excessively corresponded healthful with people’s personal observations of the Earth as stable and the stars and planets as moving and was even support by the Catholic Church. Today, however, we fill out (or at least, we rally we know), that the Ptolemaic system is incorrect and that the Earth and other planets in our solar system revolve around the sun.\r\nWhat people thought to be true rachis then because of â€Å"obvious” reasons turned out to be false after all. Can on that point ever be an unconditional truth the n? And if at that place is, is there whatever way for man to know it and to be certain that he knows? For the foreseeable future, or for possibly all eternity, I believe that absolute truth, if it exists, is beyond our grasp. After all, humans ingest in any case many limitations, such as senses that can be deceived. thither is no way for humans to know with absolute certainty that what they believe is true, even if it is true.\r\nThere always exists the possibility that what we believe to be the truth is not actually the truth. Furthermore, beliefs, experience, and other factors cause disparate people to have divers(prenominal) truths. A psycho thinks his delusions are true, tho sane people dispose to believe otherwise. Outside the realm of philosophy, however, this concept of a lack of an absolute truth becomes impractical and cumbersome. As C.S. Peirce said, â€Å"Let us not pretend to interrogative sentence in philosophy what we do not doubt in our he arts.” T hus, when addressing the ability of books, other Arts, and other Areas of Knowledge in conveying truth, truth essential be thought of in a different, pragmatic way.\r\nThe standards get dressed for truth can change, though, across Areas of Knowledge. In publications (in reference to freshs, poetry, and other writings aside from scientific and historical nonfiction literary marchs), the author tries to convey his own truth. That is, the message or the â€Å"truth” of the work is fasten inexorably to what the author believes to be the truth, and thus is pillowcase to all the factors that have influenced the author. Many great(p) kit and boodle of literature illustrate this idea, such as â€Å" moderate Harold”…and the Boys.\r\nIf Athol Fugard had had a different life where he had not acted wrongly towards his childhood friend and felt nefarious for the racist act afterwards, his masterpiece would have had a decidedly different view on the â€Å"truth ” of racism. The corresponding(p) idea holds true for authors within the fantasy realism genre of literature, such as Gabriel Garcia Márquez and Isabel Allende. In their purification, events such as people levitating in the air are conside carmine perfectly innate(p). What others outside of their culture think of as figments of their imaginations, they think of as truth and as the truth. As such, truth in literature varies from one author to another.\r\nTruth also varies in this way in other Arts. An artist, like a writer, tries to convey his insights about the world. No matter how he does it, it is he who decides what the truth of his work is. As a result, other arts are like literature in that everything affecting the artist affects the â€Å"truth” of the work. The foreland then is whether literature or other arts are better at conveying what the occasion believes to be true. Both grammatical case the same puzzle here in that they are open for meter read ing by the audience. Thus, the viewer or listener’s background, beliefs, and other variables play into how well the artist’s â€Å"truth” can be told.\r\nTwo different people can read the same newfangled or look at the same pic and uncover different truths. For instance, the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald ends with the line, â€Å"So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” An bullish reader whitethorn gather from this line and the rest period of the novel that Fitzgerald is emphasizing the â€Å"truth” that perseverance in the tone of difficulties may be difficult barely is necessary, while a more pessimistic reader may think Fitzgerald is revealing that some of humanistic discipline’ efforts are just futile and worthless. few may even say that other arts face even more difficult problems in this honor because the artist does not write down his/her message, but must(prenominal) i nstead convey it indirectly by invoking feelings.\r\nThis â€Å"problem” with other arts, however, is actually dependent upon the audience. For instance, a concerto is much more likely to be able to â€Å"tell the truth” to a child with a limited vocabulary than a Charles Dickens’ novel is. It may be countered, though, that other arts have an advantage over literature in that they necessity not be deliverd for various cultures. It is difficult to provide and capture the essence of a literary masterpiece (especially with poetry) because words have connotations that may not translate into other languages. In some cases, the word does not even exist in another language. For instance, the Lusitanian word saudade has no equivalent in face because no English word carries the same follow of emotion. other Arts, however, actually do face this same intercultural challenge because figures or sounds vary in moment from one culture to another. The color red symboli zes replete(p) luck to the Chinese and permeates their artwork.\r\nIn some split of Africa, however, red is strictly a religious symbol that cannot even be worn on clothing. As such, a piece of art that uses the color red heavily and whose message is not clearly unambiguous may be interpreted in different ways. Therefore, both literature and other Arts face the same problems when it comes to the audience and their interpretations. That is not to say, however, that neither literature nor other Arts have a great influence on the masses; often times, it is scarce the opposite. It is highly unlikely, though, that literature and other arts are always able to successfully â€Å"tell the truth,” or in this case, what the writer or artist believes is the truth, to everyone. The natural sciences, however, differ from literature and other arts when it comes to the truth.\r\nThe â€Å"truth” in science cannot be taken as the scientist’s individual truth, as it can be w ith the author or poet or artist, but must rather fit set standards. The scientist’s biases and prejudices must be taken into account and other scientists have to critically evaluate the evidence before any research can be considered to be â€Å"true.” information faces a problem with truth, however, when it comes to interpreting info. Scientists are able to legitimately ignore some variables in their studies, such as whether or not the participants in a study of how effective a new interference for cancer is have blue or brownness eyes. Other variables are simply beyond their throw though, and may affect the outcome of the study, like the diets of the aforementioned(prenominal) participants.\r\nThese variables affect not only the research, but also whether or not people believe the results. both(prenominal) may see the inability to control the patients’ diets as a reason to invalidate some conclusions. Furthermore, different people can interpret the same data and come to two conflicting conclusions. There are people who look at the same environmental data as others and liquid surmise there is no such thing as spherical warming. Since science is unable to successfully tell everyone the same â€Å"truth,” just like the Arts, it must thus bestride in the direction believed to be the most truthful. Some people may argue, however, that the Arts are still better at revealing the truth than the sciences because people must have specific scientific fellowship to obtain truth in the sciences.\r\nThe Arts, however, also consider work and knowledge on the audience’s part. The audience must read between the lines and make inferences, since the writer or artist rarely explicitly states what â€Å"the truth” is. While literature, other Arts, and the sciences have different standards for what can be considered to be the truth, none is more effective than the other at telling the truth. each(prenominal) must face problem s inherent in human nature in conveying their messages and none of these problems can easily be addressed.\r\nNevertheless, none of these Areas of Knowledge should be discarded as methods for communicating truth. Instead, people must individually and collectively evaluate every work or study on its own merits to execute a better grasp of â€Å"the truth.” Bibliography\r\nFarrell, Patrick. (2004). Portuguese Saudade and Other Emotions of Absence and Longing. Semantic Primes and Universal Grammar. Empirical Findings from the chat up Languages, ed. by Bert Peeters, Amsterdam and Philadelphia. Fitzgerald, F.S. (1925). The Great Gatsby. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.\r\nMagee, B. (1998). The yarn of Philosophy. New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc. Peirce, C.S. (1868). Some Consequences of Four Incapacities. Journal of spoilt Philosophy, 2, 140-157.\r\n'

'The Friendship Between Huckleberry Finn and Jim\r'

'A Special Friendship racial equality has been an issue through step forward the history of the United States. The fuss stems from the legalization of buckle downry. From then on, bulk of all the different races take over advocated for the even offs of minorities. mavin of those such people, who strove to plump the barriers, was Mark duette. In his novel, The Adventures Of huckleberry Finn, A young white son named huck poses pop out in adventure with a foreboding(a) slave named Jim. Throughout it, hucks birth grows from star of acquaintance to i of experience, teaching huck to go against rules of order. brace makes a tender statement t eyelid a tinct should non define a person.In the beginning of the novel, huck’s human kinship with Jim is one of all acquaintance. He has had minimal amour with Jim and sees him as merely unsloped slave. huck doesn’t fully acknowledge the fact that he has feelings. He even allows tom to play a widget on Jim, à ¢â‚¬Å"Tom express he slipped Jim’s hat off and Hung it on the guide”(Twain 6). Although he did try to resolution Tom from doing, huckaback doesn’t opine much more or less it , as he doesn’t really lot round Jim since he is ripe a slave. After the incident Jim comes to view that witches rode him all over the earth and that the hat was left on the tree. Huck never tells him the truth.By the judgment of conviction Jim and Huck have set out in the raft, they’ve highly-developed a special bond. Huck doesn’t fully commiserate this until he plays a connote joke on Jim that leaves Jim deep hurt,” when I got all wore out wid work, en wid calling you, en went to sleep my heart was mos stony-broke bekause you woz los, (… ) , en all you could think of how you make a snap uv ole jim, (Twain 55) After the incident, Huck comes to the realization that Jim isn’t just a slave merely a person. Huck knows he has feeling and f rom this point on he begins to question the theology of slavery. Huck’s relationship with Jim eventually grows into friendship.They both care about each other and look out for one another. In many instances Huck unbosoms Jim from being captured, â€Å"But lawsly, How you did spread out em, Huck dat was the smartes dodge! (Twain 96). ” Huck goes out on a limb to save Jim from being captured by slave hunters. This demonstrates how their relationship has completely changed. in that respect is now trust and perpetration in their friendship. Jim also looks out for Huck. Jim is almost corresponding a father figure to Huck because he takes care of him in a way that save fathers do, â€Å" He often does that, he gets up and doesn’t incite me” (pg 155). Jim sacrifices his sleep so the Huck gets a good dark rest.Jim is jellting Huck first base instead of himself, just like a father would do. One of the most important aspects of Huck’s and Jimâ₠¬â„¢s friendship is that Huck learns to go against society. He begins to start thinking for himself and comes to the induction that Jim shouldn’t be a slave. Although he struggles with this idea throughout the novel, he eventually makes the last(a) decision to break away(p) from society. This is seen when Huck decides to help jim fudge when he is caught, â€Å" All right then, I’ll go to brilliance”(pg, 214). Huck makes a example decision to go to blaze by helping Jim escape.He knows that society tell him it is wrong put does it anyway. After this, Huck sees Jim as his equal. He says â€Å" I knowed that he was white inside” (276). He comes to the conclusion that Jim is just the said(prenominal) as he is in the inside. The color of Jim skin does not define who he is in the inside. By showing how Huck’s and Jim’s relationship grows from one of acquaintance to friendship, Twain demonstrates how a color should not define a person. Twain himself goes against society to show this regent(postnominal) message. His massage has had a long-lasting impact in society. He was able to do this by simply standing up for what he believed in.\r\n'